End-Use Applications

Low emission hydrogen production, reliable and safe T&S networks, related infrastructure, and continuous supply chain availability all lead to the ultimate goal of ‘end-use’ of hydrogen fuel. The last link of the hydrogen value chain, hydrogen fuel applications are plentiful, whether used as a combustion medium in internal combustion engines or used as an electric power generation source through fuel cell electrochemical conversion. Different technologies have emerged, some adapted from their fossil fuel equivalents and some designed specifically for hydrogen, for utilisation of hydrogen in the realisation of the global Net Zero goal. As a versatile energy vector, the applications of hydrogen are vast. This section of the report will discuss the combustion and electrochemical conversion of hydrogen into electricity, for applications limited to transportation and power generation.

Technologies with high impact on hydrogen integration are discussed here. Other emerging hydrogen technologies that have regional or sectoral impacts will be added along with the progress of HI-ACT’s work package on hydrogen technology roadmaps.